cell lines chinese hamster ovary cho k1 cells atcc ccl 61 cho cells  (ATCC)

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Small but Mighty: Low Bio-Accessibility Preserves Polyphenols from Mini Purple Carrots for Direct Action Against Colon Cancer Cells

doi: 10.3390/antiox15010113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of different carrot polyphenolic concentrations on cell viability (MTT assay) on HCT-116 cells incubated for 24 h ( A ) and 48 h ( B ). There is a significant difference in the results for the extract’s effect. Significance: # ( p < 0.05), ** ( p < 0.01) vs. McCoy’s 5A.

Article Snippet: The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-116 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (#CCL 247; Bethesda, MD, USA).

Techniques: MTT Assay, Incubation

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Small but Mighty: Low Bio-Accessibility Preserves Polyphenols from Mini Purple Carrots for Direct Action Against Colon Cancer Cells

doi: 10.3390/antiox15010113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of different extracts on cell cycle distribution of HCT-116 human colon cancer cells assessed by FACS analysis. HCT-116 cells were treated with 5-FU (DMSO) or IC50 (μg/mL) of different carrots extracts in the presence of complete medium for 48 h: ( A ) untreated cells, ( B ) 100 ng/mL 5-FU, ( C ) 300 μg/mL MPC, ( D ) 400 μg/mL NPC, ( E ) 400 μg/mL NOC, ( F ) 400 μg/mL MYC, and then subjected to FACS cell cycle analysis as described in . The data represent the average median of at least three independent experiments SD. p < 0.05 was determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test. Different color represents different cell cycle phases.

Article Snippet: The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-116 was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (#CCL 247; Bethesda, MD, USA).

Techniques: Cell Cycle Assay

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Sitagliptin Potentiates the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin Through ROS-Driven Apoptosis and MMP/TIMP Regulation in HeLa Cells

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18010038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dose–response curves of sitagliptin and doxorubicin in HeLa cells with overlaid four-parameter logistic (4PL) regression fits. HeLa cells were treated for 48 h with increasing concentrations of sitagliptin (5–100 µM) or doxorubicin (0.5–50 µM), and cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Experimental data points (mean values) are shown for each drug. The dashed curves represent the fitted 4PL nonlinear regression models used to calculate IC 50 values. The fitted curves demonstrate strong agreement with the experimental data and validate the appropriateness of the 4PL model for estimating IC 50 . Sitagliptin exhibited an IC 50 of 52.4 µM, while doxorubicin showed an IC 50 of 4.18 µM, confirming the differential potency of the two agents in HeLa cells.

Article Snippet: The human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC ® CCL-2TM) was used in all experiments.

Techniques: MTT Assay

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Sitagliptin Potentiates the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin Through ROS-Driven Apoptosis and MMP/TIMP Regulation in HeLa Cells

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18010038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of intracellular ROS levels in HeLa cells after sitagliptin and doxorubicin treatments. HeLa cells were treated with sitagliptin (IC 50 = 52.4 µM), doxorubicin (IC 50 = 4.18 µM), or their combination for 48 h, and intracellular ROS levels were measured using a DCFDA-based fluorometric assay. Fluorescence values were normalized to the control group and expressed as percentages. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control).

Article Snippet: The human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC ® CCL-2TM) was used in all experiments.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Sitagliptin Potentiates the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin Through ROS-Driven Apoptosis and MMP/TIMP Regulation in HeLa Cells

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18010038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative dot plots of Annexin V–FITC (x-axis, log scale) and PI (y-axis, log scale) staining in HeLa cells following 48 h treatment with control, sitagliptin (IC 50 ), doxorubicin (IC 50 ), or their combination. Quadrants indicate distinct cell populations: Q1 (Annexin V − /PI + ), necrotic; Q2 (Annexin V + /PI + ), late apoptotic; Q3 (Annexin V + /PI − ), early apoptotic; and Q4 (Annexin V − /PI − ), viable cells. For the control group, the distribution was Q1: 1.0%, Q2: 1.4%, Q3: 2.1%, Q4: 95.5%, reflecting predominantly viable cells. Under combination treatment, apoptotic fractions increased markedly (Q2 + Q3), consistent with enhanced apoptosis. Plots represent one of three independent experiments with similar results. Quadrant gates were defined using untreated control cells and applied consistently to all samples.

Article Snippet: The human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC ® CCL-2TM) was used in all experiments.

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Sitagliptin Potentiates the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin Through ROS-Driven Apoptosis and MMP/TIMP Regulation in HeLa Cells

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18010038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of sitagliptin, doxorubicin, and their combination on HeLa cell migration and invasion. ( A ) Representative brightfield images from the wound healing migration assay at 0 h and 48 h for each treatment group. The control group demonstrated nearly complete wound closure, whereas sitagliptin and doxorubicin treatments reduced migration capacity. The combination treatment resulted in the least wound closure, indicating a strong inhibitory effect on cell motility. ( B ) Representative images of invaded cells on crystal violet–stained Transwell membranes. The number of invading cells decreased in all treatment groups compared with the control, with the combination treatment showing the most pronounced reduction. ( C ) Quantitative analysis of migration and invasion percentages. Both assays showed significant decreases in migration and invasion following sitagliptin or doxorubicin monotherapy, with the greatest suppression observed under combination treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC ® CCL-2TM) was used in all experiments.

Techniques: Migration, Control, Staining

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Sitagliptin Potentiates the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin Through ROS-Driven Apoptosis and MMP/TIMP Regulation in HeLa Cells

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18010038

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed mechanistic model of the synergistic anticancer effects of sitagliptin and doxorubicin in HeLa cells. Sitagliptin treatment leads to transcriptional downregulation of Akt and ERK mRNA, resulting in decreased expression of MMP-1/2 and TIMP-1/2, which collectively suppress cell migration and invasion. Doxorubicin induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, triggering caspase-8/9 activation and subsequent apoptosis. In parallel, doxorubicin also contributes to ERK mRNA downregulation, consistent with qRT-PCR findings. The combination of sitagliptin and doxorubicin produces a synergistic anticancer effect (CI < 1), amplifying apoptotic signaling and anti-metastatic outcomes. This model is based on transcriptional and functional data obtained in the present study and illustrates the integrated pathways underlying migration/invasion inhibition and metastasis suppression.

Article Snippet: The human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa (ATCC ® CCL-2TM) was used in all experiments.

Techniques: Expressing, Migration, Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Functional Assay, Inhibition